Doris Lessing - Novelist, Memoirist, Essayist

Economic Growth and Poverty Alleviation - 4151 Words

Does Economic Growth lead to Poverty Alleviation? Please compare and contrast very briefly the experiences of China, India and Brazil. What lessons can an African country of your choice learn from these experiences? INTRODUCTION The last few decades witnessed a rapid economic growth in developing countries. However, over 88% of the 1.2 Billion world poor (Olinto et al, 2013) live in these countries. (Appendix: Table 1.1) This phenomenon poses the question if the recent growth has been pro-poor . This essay argues that growth output alone is not sufficient for poverty alleviation; rather complementary measures and policies need to exist to create sustainable pro-poor growth. The essay has been organized as follows: First,†¦show more content†¦In the Lewis Theory (Todaro and Smith, 2011), surplus labour from the rural subsistence sector is gradually transferred to urban industrial sector for higher productivity. The rural-urban migration, in the long run, may result in urban unemployment, wage decrease, loss of agricultural productivity, debt accumulation, monopolization, lack of access to credit and insurance, and social exclusion. Amartya Sen (1999) described economic growth as a crucial means for expanding the substantive freedoms that people value. But in reality, in India, more than 270,000 farmers caught in a debt trap have committed suicide since 1995. (Shiva, 2013; Sainath 2013) According to Gini index , global inequality is 0.7 points today (Milanovic, 2005) while it is between 4.5 – 4.7 for developing countries that saw a proliferation of economic activities in the recent past (Appendix: Figure 2.4 and 2.5) The Kuznet’s curve , on the other hand, tells a different story about inequality. (Kuznets, 1955; Appendix: Figure 2.6). The inequality seen in developing countries is part of the development and will phase out as more growth is achieved. However, The Kuznets hypothesis has been one of the most debated issues in development economics. Banerjee et al (2006) explains the reasons for the drop in inequality in industrialized countries during the 20th century was not related to the optimistic trickle-down process advocated by KuznetsShow MoreRelatedEconomic Growth And Development As A Tool For Poverty Alleviation2230 Words   |  9 Pagesthe attempts to focus on economic growth as a means to poverty removal and/or environmental sustainability† (Lele 1991: 618). Do you agree with this statement? Explain your position. Introduction The concept of ‘sustainable development’ is one that has faced heated debates for decades now. A seemingly harmless concept, it raises a lot of questions as to what it really entails and how exactly it can be achieved. But with more than 1.3 billion people living in abject poverty (less than $1.25 a day)Read MoreEconomic models for peace, growth and poverty alleviation and resolution of con√ °ict in Nepal, July 2010-July 20113073 Words   |  13 PagesAn Example of a Research Proposal Economic models for peace, growth and poverty alleviation and resolution of con†¡ in Nepal, July 2010-July 2011 ict Poverty and inequality in Nepal has increased substantially in the last two decades. Major reason for this is the failure of the economy to grow because of internal con†¡ and political ict instability. As a result of the lack of employment prospects in the country thousands of young people are forced to migrate abroad and economy has lost manpowerRead MoreThe Role Of Zakah And The Muslim Arab Community.the System1277 Words   |  6 PagesGIVING) IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN NIGERIA BY DR. MUSTAPHA ISA QASIM, DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EDUCATION, (ISLAMIC STUDIES SECTION) AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA. ABSTRACT The main objective of Zakah(Alms giving) is to alleviate poverty in the Muslim community .The system is specifically designed to take care of the needs of the poor and the needy from the Muslim Ummah. In this paper, a close look at this vital role of Zakah is made, indicating that the present economic hardshipRead MorePoverty Alleviation : Cash Or Non Cash Assistance? Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty alleviation: cash or non-cash assistance? Alleviating poverty has never been an easy task for both developed and developing countries. Alongside the debate of who are considered poor, the public has never come to a conclusion whether cash or non-cash assistance should be prioritized for poverty alleviation. This essay explores the benefits and challenges of both types of approaches. Additionally, the country context is also discussed to analyze how the level of countries’ economic developmentRead MoreImproving The Standard Of Gross Domestic Product1201 Words   |  5 PagesTo keep the economy running smoothly, to maintain price stability and to alleviate poverty are the main goals for formulating policies around the world. The experiences of every country are various as different patterns of economic development. Although it is widely accepted that the reduction of poverty accompanies the economic growth of a country, which encourages many countries, especially some developing countries, to concentrate on improving t he standard of gross domestic product (GDP), it isRead MoreGlobal Economic Development As A Trade Policy Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal economic development as a trade policy However, would the idea of mercantilists who emphasize the only national benefits, productivity, or competitiveness fit to the current globalised world? Krugman (1996) denies the idea of mercantilism as they do not fully understand the meaning of comparative advantage. Comparative Advantage is an economic law made by David Richard in 1817 who expanded Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations. Comparative Advantage law encourages free trade that stimulate marketRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of Poverty Alleviation1283 Words   |  6 PagesEffectiveness of Poverty Alleviation in Brazil I. Introduction For many years, poverty in Brazil has been an issue; it is a key program according to the Brazilian government as of late. The government are finding different ways to address the so-called problem. For instance, there has been poverty alleviation programs and policies that could fix the problem; poverty would continue to decrease in size due to these programs and policies. Alleviation policies and programs tend to gear towards poverty reductionRead MoreRural Development in India1426 Words   |  6 Pagesderived from the achievement of planning. The policies and programmes have been designed with the aim of alleviation of rural poverty which has been one of the primary objectives of planned development in India. It was realized that a sustainable strategy of poverty alleviation has to be based on increasing the productive employment opportunities in the process of growth itself. Elimination of poverty, ignorance, diseases and inequality of opportunities and providing a better and h igher quality of lifeRead MoreDeveloping Countries And Its Effects On Economic Growth1436 Words   |  6 Pagesthat sustained growth is the most important way to reduce poverty. Estimates of these studies are that a 10 percent increase in a country’s average income will reduce the poverty rate by 20 to 30 percent. Specific studies done in 14 separate countries in the 1990s showed that poverty fell in 11 countries that experienced significant economic growth and rose in the 3 countries with stagnant growth. For these countries, on average a 1 percent increase in per capita income reduced poverty by 1.7 percentRead MoreRole of Microfinance:- The micro credit of microfinance program was first initiated in the year600 Words   |  3 Pagesproviding credit to the poor without collateral , alleviating poverty and unleashing human creativity and endeavor of the poor people. Microfinance impact studies have demonstrated that : †¢ Microfinance helps poor households meet basic needs and protects them against risks. †¢ The use of financial services by low-income households leads to improvements in household economic welfare and enterprise stability and growth. †¢ By supporting women’s economic participation, microfinance empowers women, thereby promoting

Business Case analysis Example

Essays on Business Case analysis Case Study Neiman Marcus Case Study The problem is that Neiman Marcus is unsure about how to go about sustaining growth in the short term future. Robert Smith,the President and Co-Chief Operating Officer of Harcourt General and Chief Executive Officer of the Neiman Marcus Group, Inc., thought that the opening of new Galleries may revitalize the organization. Something needs to be done about Neiman Marcus’ growth, which has remained steady over the last few years. The existing business model in the U.S. has been successful, but it no longer allows for any expansion. Because Neiman Marcus caters specifically to high value customers, it is difficult to increase sales without dropping down to a lower quality of goods. Burton Tansky, President and Chief Operating Officer of Neiman Marcus Group, has come up with five ways for Neiman Marcus to grow without looking for outside help: 1. Customer by customer – a higher wallet-share can be captured by increasing the share of customer spending 2. Developing new stores from a full-line store model – there are limited opportunities to grow 3. New space within current stores – this is the safest and most likely option because it has already proven successful 4. Introduce new retail concepts – customer loyalty programs are the key to increasing customer share 5. Acquiring new franchises – expand existing portfolio by diversifying products Previously, Neiman Marcus has focused on the third of these, expanding the existing space within stores. This was extremely successful in Beverly Hills and Houston. However, the COO of Neiman Marcus feels that the Galleries of Neiman Marcus will be the force that causes significant growth in the market. I feel that this strategy will prove to be a success because of the high percentage of baby boomers in the market. These people are now in their 50’s and 60’s and are is the ideal target market range. The ideal target range for Neiman Marcus is those aged between 45 and 54 and with incomes of over $100,000 because these people make the fastest growing age segment of the U.S. population. The downside for Neiman Marcus’ target segment is that it only represents 3% on the U.S. population. Although, the goal for Neiman is to serve the luxury customer, so only a small percentage of the total population can fit into this category. In order to sustain market growth, I would advise Neiman Marcus to continue with its InCircle program. The reason why this segment is so important is because they represent more than half of Neiman Marcus’ profits, and thus should be treated with respect and kindness. The rewards system is good to maintain customer loyalty, but more needs to be done to attract new customers. The other customer target groups, namely clearance customers, special occasion customers, and career clothing shoppers, should have efforts made to entice them too. One such solution to this would be to try to attract these customers into the InCircle customers. This could be done by offering weekly trials of the InCircle program so that these customers could get a taste of what it is like to be an InCircle customer.

Moral Doubt in Hamlets Soliloquy - To be or not to be......

The Moral Question in Hamlets Soliloquy - To be or not to be... The major question in To be or not to be cannot be suicide. If it were, as many have noted, it would be dramatically irrelevant. Hamlet is no longer sunk in the depths of melancholy, as he was in his first soliloquy. He has been roused to action and has just discovered how to test the Ghosts words. When we last saw him, only five minutes before, he was anticipating the nights performance, and in only a few moments we shall see him eagerly instructing the players and excitedly telling Horatio of his plan. To have him enter at this point debating whether or not to kill himself would be completely inconsistent with both the character and the movement of the plot. The†¦show more content†¦A further objection to the suicide theory, one that may be even more significant in its implications, is the form of the question Hamlet puts to himself. He states his dilemma as to be or not to be- not as to live or not to live. the issue, as he sees it is not between mere temporal existence a nd non-existence, but between being and non-being. In other words, he is struggling with a metaphysical issue: not the narrow personal question of whether he, an individual man, should kill himself, but the wider philosophical question of mans essence. Hamlet is facing the moral question that has too long been thought irrelevant to the play: whether or not he should effect private revenge.. To be- what? To be a man , in the full metaphysical sense of being as it was understood by philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. Being is what a thing is, its essence, that which defines it. Or not to be. There is no middle position. A thing is or it is not. The first line of the soliloquy, so often droned in a tone of meditative musing, should be spoken as an insistent, emphatic, even passionate demand. The whole moral question is focused in this challenge. Is it any nobler, Hamlet asks, to endure evil passively, as all the voices of Church and State and society have insisted, or does the true nobility of that which is man demand that he actively fight and conquer evil that beset him? Can it really be virtue to sit back and leave itShow MoreRelatedFactors Contributing to Shakespeares Hamlet Being a Great Play1203 Words   |  5 Pages his superior power of insight into, and reflection upon, his situation, and his capacity to suffer the moral anguish which moral responsibility brings, is considered one of the greatest pieces of literature ever written. Throughout the play, Hamlet, through both soliloquies and actions, displays these characteristics, which make Hamlet such an important and intriguing individual. Hamlets heroism and nobility displayed throughout most of the play, classify Hamlet as a tragedy that towers aboveRead MoreEssay about Discussion of Hamlet’s State of Mind in His First Soliloquy901 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion of Hamlet’s State of Mind in His First Soliloquy From Hamlet’s first soliloquy in act I scene II, it is clear to the audience that he is not in a clear, rational, or healthy state of mind: speaking of his desire for suicide. He describes his body as â€Å"sullied†- tainted and dirty, wishing for it to â€Å"melt† or dissolve into nothingness. So pessimistic and cynical is hamlets worldview at this time, that he describes the world as â€Å"flat and unprofitable†¦things rankRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. This soliloquy holds much importance to the play as a whole because it ties together the reoccurring themes of suicide and Hamlet’s inaction portrayed by Shakespeare. Hamlet poses a problem, which is the driving force of the play: â€Å"To be or not to be?†(III.i.57). Shakespeare uses this logical question asked by Hamlet to drive out his underlyingRead MoreFunction Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1735 Words   |  7 Pages Function of the soliloquies in Hamlet The soliloquy is a tool that helps reflect the inner thought of characters throughout the story, they bring out the thought process which could not be said in a normal conversation . This speech to the audience can be in the presence of other characters in the story plot but since it is one’s inner thought , they can not hear it. Shakespeare uses this method to advance his plot in almost every play he ever written. The soliloquies function to advance theRead MoreThe Human Condition and Ideologies in Hamlet by Willliam Shakespeare1522 Words   |  7 Pagesintrospective play, Hamlet, explores the complexity of the human condition by reflecting ideologies such as justice, loyalty and morality. Although these deeply human ideas ensure the plays resonance, they are somewhat secondary to the depths of Hamlet’s human struggle. These thematic concerns reflect how flaws in the values of society descend into corruption. Through an exploration of the characterization, Shakespea re invites a re-evaluation of the values that shape human nature. The textual integrityRead MoreHamlets Irresolution and Downfall in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay991 Words   |  4 PagesAs one of the most famous tragedies written by William Shakespeare around 1600, Hamlet, the prince of Denmark seeks revenge on his uncle, who murdered the King and married Hamlet’s mother, the Queen. Hamlet is considered to be well versed in both polite letters and martial arts. I believe Hamlet is a tragic hero because his irresolution becomes his fatal flaw and it eventually brings him to his downfall. The first appearance of Hamlet is in Act I- Scene 2, he is mourning his father’s, the King’sRead MoreHamlet and the Issue of Revenge in William Shakespeares Play1520 Words   |  7 Pagesdepicting this complex and troubled man has given us an insight into the human condition of relevance to each age. Since we are certainly left in no doubt of the intricacy of Hamlets character, it would therefore seem that Shakespeare is exploring a diversity of reasons as to why the Prince of Denmark delays his revenge. Hamlets delay begins as he recognises that first he must determine the ghosts true nature. Upon doubting the authenticity of its form he questions itsRead MoreHamlet Reflections Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pagesvarious aspects. Hamlet’s character, the nature of his madness, and Hamlet’s love for Ophelia are three facets of the play where my response has changed and developed. One’s understanding of Hamlet’s character is highly susceptible to alterations as the play progresses. Initially, Hamlet’s period of deliberation and was perceived as cowardice, moral fastidiousness and over-intellectualisation to the point of apathy. An insight into Hamlet’s character through his second soliloquy where he concedesRead MoreHamlet1304 Words   |  6 Pagesan insightful soliloquy. The audience would have been attracted to the scene because they would receive a moral insight into Hamlet’s mind, revealing his true thoughts. It also would have expanded on the theme of revenge, and how this theme would affect the final scene of the play. Finally, by focusing on the theme of morality, the soliloquy would have provided audiences with a thought-provoking look into their own consciences. In Shakespeare’s original version of Hamlet, Hamlet’s speech from ActRead MoreHamlet - Soliloquies Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagesconflicts a nd introspective attitude in each of the lengthy soliloquies in the play. Hamlet is a static character whose thoughts never dramatically change. Each soliloquy delves further into Hamlets motivations, or lack thereof, and psyche. Each soliloquy, each slightly different, is all united by vivid imagery, introspective language, and discussion of Hamlets delay of action. The first soliloquy serves to set the stage for the rest of Hamlets thoughts, feelings, and actions. It is here that Hamlet

Markets Segments and Decision Making Marketing Management Free Sampl

Question: Discuss about theMarkets Segment and Decision Making. Answer: Introduction: The current Australian market, especially the food retail business is controlled by two main companies who hold more than 80% of the revenues in the category. These two are Coles Supermarkets and Woolworths. Woolworths or in the local name woolies are a chain of food retail stores, that deal with fruits, vegetables, packaged foods, meat and many more things. The stores also sell stationary items and magazines etc. The Woolworths are a more than ninety years old company with high income (Woolworths, 2005). The main aim today is to expand the sales to more neighborhoods in this report we shall clearly provide ample text to support the fact that after a successful PESTEL and competitor analysis Woolworth employees can clearly have an advantage over the other small scale companies. The main competitor for Woolworths is definitely the Coles stores which have been making increasing impact over their competitor Woolworth. The increasing sales, their super low price sales etc. are the most i mportant determinants of how Woolworth is able to make an impact on the consumers as a food and homecare needs seller. In this report we emphasize on the Competitor analysis, study the customer segmentation process, the needs and wants of the consumer and how effectively Woolworths is able to deliver the required effects. The Woolworth is a great company for studying the planning and competitor analysis since Coles presents the scope for great competition among the two retailing giants in Australia. Even though both have their loyal customer base, there are also some who can be influenced into being a new loyal customer. For a new age person the flexibility of price and choice makes for the right decision. Here we talk about the Woolworths decision and strategic ideas (Dunford, 2006). Macro Level Study We have conducted a thorough multiple level of the PESTEL analysis. The Woolworth is a renowned company within the Australian companies and for their large share in the retail food market it is necessary that the PESTEL analysis is done in order to find out the most favorite results. The Woolworths team of marketing has done proper analysis of the market to locate the right customers, analyses the market segments that are the best and most beneficial. The need for the PESTEL analysis is required for more clear information about products that are being targeted. It is required that the market segments that need the PESTEL analysis done for assessing market structure are availed in the right way. PESTEL stands for the most procedure basic aspects of marketing and segmentation; there are different aspects of the analysis that needs to be used for the benefit of the company Political Factors: A countrys political situation is albeit important for an organization and its growth. The Woolworth is a renowned brand and is among the top two food retail businesses in Australia making it one influential company. The political factor helps the countrys economic conditional as a properly controlled country it is possible for companies to see profit and grow their businesses properly, the good political condition and help from the government ensures that the brand gets proper exposure and better growth opportunities (Budmar, 2011). Economic factors: the economy of a country is one of the leading and sometimes the most important aspect that determines the failure or profitability of a venture. The better the economic condition, the better the sales is something that is wholeheartedly true. When there are ample scopes for work, high employment and no financial crisis businesses thrive. In the badly hit United Kingdom, Woolworths had to close its operations which resulted in the unemployment of a major number of people (Australia, 2011). Society: The social factor is another very important sector that is directly linked with the success of the company. Customer centric environment at eh Woolworths has been a major reason why people love shopping from the, In order to increase customer satisfaction Woolworths introduced a lot of methods and marketing techniques. They offered cash back, introduced loyalty, provided frequent flyer mile points and also offered lower prices at their stores (Santos, 2012). Technology factors: The technology factor has been a major reason for the rapid growth of the industry. Woolworth was the first retail store that introduced printed receipts. Even today, fast and easy checkout process, online shopping features, self-service kiosks, online ordering all provide an easy to shop experience (Friedlos, 2016). Environmental: Being a sustainable business is important. The use of good and sustainable business strategies have improved how Woolworth deals with its suppliers and how they are working to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide they emit, also the introduction of recycling projects are great examples of the companys effort for greener earth (Otterpohl, 2015). Legal factors: The management, taxation and recruitment policies are usually created by governments which make it essential to work under a government that is supportive towards the different organizations doing business under it? The support from the government has been huge, with Woolworth and Coles creating a rather duopoly within the food retail market. This makes it a necessity to understand that the Government is really relaxed and supportive of the companies. The legal and tax support from the Australian Government has enabled the company like Woolworth to gain such an important part of the food retail sector with only one large scale competitor, Coles (Santos, 2012). Industry The food retail industry of Australia is dominated by Woolworths and the Coles Supermarket range of supermarkets. These retail stores are series and they are really popular in the category with the two companies hold and are responsible for controlling the food market. The food market or the retail food market t is supplied by large scale producers who produce for these two retailers exclusively. The main issue with these retailers is that there are very less competition and large scale producers are overproducing to meet the varied needs of these two retailers. The Woolworth is committed against sourcing fresh products themselves so it is seen that fresh food items as well as international branded food items do well. But since the Woolworths are a multi-state company with 900+ stores, not all food items are stored at all locations(Windberg, 2016). The food retail industry is a growing industry in the Australia. Today, every corner of a metropolis or a big town has a retail store of Woolworths. The current generation of Aussie purchasers is trying their hand at world culture and culinary taste making it essential that they have some particular items that require particular products that are sourced from original resources. This makes food industry a booming industry which makes the food processing and food sourcing easier. It is to be noted that he better the food industry, the better the retail business that makes Woolworth a successful business. Woolworth has developed contracts with supplier who has produced goods for their own requirements. The sustainable development of the industry related to food and home care is the best solution to the needs of the current Australian industry (Treadgold, 2006). Competition The main competition at the food retail industry and the most important rival for the Woolworth group is the Coles Supermarket group, which is now taken over by the Wesfarmers group. The Coles Supermarket brand is one of the leading retailers of food items in Australia. The market of the food industry is controlled by these two giants. But the Coles are the main competition for the Woolworths. The Coles supermarket is a multi outlet food and stationary retail store which works in a similar way like Woolworths. With around a decade of experience, Coles is definitely one of the largest competitors of Woolworths and is definitely a common name in the Aussie households. It is to be noted that Australians have slowly developed a sense of taste for international cuisines and products which make it a diverse option for Coles and Woolworth to stock international brands and products to help consumers be inclined towards selecting a particular store (Kotler, 2015). If Woolworth stocks a certai n product then, customers can be inclines towards getting their retail outlets only, and vice versa. The competition from the Coles and their flu buy program has also affected the popularity of the Woolworths stores. Earlier Woolworths also had a frequent flier miles program for their customers but later on it was reverted and cash back offers were started. Whereas the Coles stores offer frequent flier miles programs, petrol discounts, and also has a host of attractive discounts and low prices on daily items. The Coles Down Down campaign is the main competition for the Woolworths, where the Coles stores stock milk and other daily necessary items for only 1$. The rising prices, the recession nothing stopped them from going up with their prices, which has left them with a permanent place in the hearts of the consumers. But the main reason why the Coles Supermarkets are a great competitor for the Woolworths is that both offer similar spread of items and are great at understanding the r equirements of the customers and acting according to it (Spulber, 2007). Consumers The consumers are the main determinants of who stays in the competition and who is to be kicked out. For the last century Coles has had careful inspection of all the needs and requirements of the new generation consumers. The changing food habits have also influenced Woolworths to change the items they stock. The regional taste and preferences significantly control what items stores stock at their stores. For areas where the primary items are grown in house, Woolworths stocks the complimentary items that are required to create dishes rather than having a big aisle full of veggies and fruits (Beneke, 2015). The needs of the customer, their wants and their demands, all make their call at what should be stocked at the Woolworths store. The store also has a heavy hand in deciding which brands and products will be stocked at their aisles. It has been seen multiple times that certain brands are shifted to the back of the racks and some brands lose their spotlight at the retail chain as an unhealthy show of power. To decide the proper needs, and wants of the customer it is a necessity to try and find out what is the segment of the customer that is in question and whet type of goods and services they require. Proper segmentation is required to find out whether the products are being targeted at a certain segment is appropriate and profitable to be used for better sales (Dr Spanjaard, 2011). It is imperative to note that careful decisions are needed to understand who are the main consumers of your services and what segment your services or products fall under. The essence of the matter is that the purchasing power, needs, desire, wants of the customer are the driving point as to what products are to be used and what are to be segmented in different category. Most marketing executives will agree that the best way to guarantee the best results from a marketing process is to decide the market segment in the right way. The right way to go about the process is to segment the audience in the right way , following which the brands and the products need to be targeted to the right segment and positioned so that they are easily available and can be relative to the purchasers (Africa, 2006). The markets today have a rather few number of homogeneous group of consumers who have different sets of requirements and desires that call the decisions as to what items should be kept available and what should be discarded or not stocked at all. These groups however have a tendency of having interests or needs that are conflicting with other groups. For example a consumer who loves meat and meat based items might not be that much interested in purchasing vegetarian items or may purchase little amounts, and vegetarians might not be purchasing meat items or any non-vegetarian items. Some consumers are not keen on having certain brands and products so this creates the important issue that what products should ultimately be stocked at the stores. The need is to identify an d separate the markets where people are better satisfied with the products offered by you and target hose areas specially. It is also important that certain big segments of the consumers are left out since they may not be the right segment of people to concentrate on. Proper marketing and remarketing can help the management to decide upon the real customers who are required to build the brand and increase the sales. The Coles is a great competitor of the Woolworth and the increasing competition of the retail industry makes it important for the Woolworths to create a process of successful steps towards growth in all matters. Not only in the Australian industry but also abroad. Woolworth is also thinking of expanding its business in the other foreign countries to become a better and larger retailer throughout the globe. The systematic planning can take Woolworths into the new horizon of food retail business (Kumar, 2012). Conclusion It is to be noted that along with Coles Supermarkets, the Woolworths hold the maximum share of the food and grocery retail market. With the introduction of the new online shopping system the aim is to introduce better and quicker ways to shop for the new generation. For Woolworths, providing better ways to shop, better deals and making every deal worth the money is important. The competitor Coles Supermarkets have a strong supplier network and have employed multiple techniques to increase their sales , but with Woolworths also using multiple techniques and methods to increase brand loyalty, brand value among the purchasers, its possible for Woolworths to Compete against the other leading retailers, especially Coles and see better sales. Today, customers love to get extra benefits while shopping, so employing Smart technologies for improving business process and also using new technologies to improve the ordering, checkout and retail store shopping experience is important. The basic a im for Woolworths would be to cater to needs of the different customers based on their demography, purchase patterns, local customer buying profiles, and festivities etc. The main aim for Woolworths is top offer cheaper products that are exceptional products that are even better than the competitors. With more emphasis on keeping prices under check and using better and fresh vegetables for their everyday sales can improve the Woolworths sales. The market segmentation is important with respect to the growth and development of the Woolworths team. The proper planning and execution can result in increase in sales and better positions among the competitors. It is to be noted that properly evaluating the PESTLE macro level design should be the guideline for next setup and macro level report and guide for changes within Woolworths which are sure to get good results. References Africa, P. S. ( 2006). Fresh Perspectives: Marketing. Pearson South Africa. Australia, C. o. (2011). Economic Structure and Performance of the Australian Retail Industry. Productivity Commission Inquiry Report. Beneke, J. (2015). Examining the effect of retail service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction and loyalty: The case of the supermarket shopper. School of Management Studies. Budmar, Peter. (2011). Woolworths adopts Visa payWave Technology for Checkouts. Retrieved September 03, 2016, from https://www.arnnet.com.au/article/387304/woolworths_adopts_visa_paywave_technology_checkouts/ Dr Spanjaard, D. (2011). Retail brands fighting for consumer loyalty: a case for cross cultural research. University of Western Sydney. Dunford, R. (2006). Strategy For Successfull entry into a Concentrated and Highly Competitive Market.Australia: MGSM, Macquarie University, Sydney, . Friedlos, D. (2016). Australia's Woolworths Supermarket Chain Studies RFID. RFID Journal, 5(3), 99-105. Kotler, P. ( 2015). Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kumar, V. (2012). The Definitive Guide to Customer Relationship Management (Collection). FT Press. Otterpohl, R. (2015). Solar versus Non-Solar Urine Diversion Dehydration ToiletsEvaluation of Temperatures inside the Vaults of Different UDDT Systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 88(20), 8-20. Santos, M. A. (2012). Global warming mitigation promotes corporate entrepreneurship within Woolworths supply chain . African Journal of Business Management, 6(31), 9151-9160. Spulber, D. F. (2007). Global Competitive Strategy. Cambridge University Press. Treadgold, A. (2006). Food retailing in Australia   three retailers, three strategies. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 8(2), 5-6. Windberg, C. (2016). Solar versus Non-Solar Urine Diversion Dehydration ToiletsEvaluation of Temperatures inside the Vaults of Different UDDT Systems. Journal of Environmental Protection, 7(8), 1221-1243. Woolworths. (2005). Woolworths: Trade Literature 200. Woolworths.

Imagery in The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example For Students

Imagery in The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Intro to Literature IDr. Roger Easson1 June 2004Insanity is a phenomenon not often written about in literature. However, there is a piece of fiction written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman which brings to life the disease of insanity. She is best known for her 1892 short story, The Yellow Wallpaper. Like the main character, Gilman underwent a type of rest treatment after suffering from bouts of severe depression following the birth of her daughter. This type of rest cure was popularized by the well known physician S. Weir Mitchell. The story is the tale of a woman who goes mad after being prescribed a rest cure to relieve her of her desire to write. Coincidently, this is after the birth of her child as well. The Yellow Wallpaper actually chronicles the process of going insane. One of the qualities which makes the story so good is the fact the author knows very much about this process due to her own experiences. Oddly, the main character is unnamed, and this is perhaps because the experie nce she is undergoing robs her of her identity. She is alone in a yellow, wallpapered nursery with barred windows and is treated like the an inmate and a child. She is denied her writing which gives her peace and meaning in her life, as well as companionship which could distract her from her preoccupation with her surroundings. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilman gives much attention to several types of female oppression in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries through detailed visual imagery, strong personification, and an overwhelming amount of metaphoric expressions. Through detailed visual imagery, Gilman gives us an extremely vivid mental picture of the main characters surroundings. Having a solid image of these surroundings helps readers better understand what the woman in the story is going through. It is through her eyes that we see the house, the grounds, the room, and of course the yellow wallpaper. The house, with all its metaphoric value, plays a great role in this story. Traditionally, when a house is used in fiction as a setting, it is a sacred place. It is an image of the universe from top to bottom, because it can represent heaven, earth, and hell depending on the story. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilmans detailed description of the house begins outside of it. The most beautiful place! It is quite alone, standing well back from the road, quite three miles from the villagefor there are hedges and walls and gates that lock, and lots of separate houses for the gardeners and people (Gilman 329). With this small passage, we get a good sense from the narrator of how large the estate is. In her description of the outside, the narrator makes a reference to gates. This is an important symbol in the story because it represents a place of great significance, as is the case in most fiction. We see another gate when the author describes her room. These gates outside the house and her room are both locked, and this symbolizes being trapped which is what our main character is, as well as women of Gilmans time. The visual imagery of The Yellow Wallpaper is strongest during Gilmans descriptions of the color and pattern of the wallpaper. Right away the color is dull, lurid, and sickly. She uses several passages to describe how inconsistent the nature of the wallpaper is. According to the narrator, it moves and changes; sometimes it has a pattern and sometimes it does not. Unfortunately, it has no definite color or pattern. Through this imagery, Gilman conveys the message of the irrational and unjust treatment of women by men in he r time. .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 , .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 .postImageUrl , .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 , .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313:hover , .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313:visited , .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313:active { border:0!important; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313:active , .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313 .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua974b0f6e49689930039a426ff1a7313:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Memory System Problemsy EssayIn addition to visual imagery, the author portrays the confusion of the narrator, caused by the wallpaper, through very strong personification. Throughout the story the narrator writes passages about the wallpaper which she cannot plainly describe. As the story progresses we begin to notice that as she tries to become more detailed she actually becomes more insane. At first, she tries to figure the paper out through its visual appearance, however she slowly digresses and begins to feel as though the paper is taunting her. This is how the author personifies the yellow wallpaper. This paper looks to me as if it knew what a vicious influence it ha dThere is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside downUp and down and sideways they crawl, and those absurd unblinking eyes are everywhereI never saw so much expression in an inanimate thing before (Gilman 331). The author brings the wallpaper to life in the mind of the narrator and we slowly start to see her beginning to battle the wallpaper as if it were a person. You think you have mastered it, but just as you get well under way in following, it turns a back?somersault and there you are. It slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you (Gilman 334). In a sense, the narrator is engaged in a battle of wits with the wallpaper. She is convinced that the wallpaper is hiding something, and she is determined to find out what it is. The wallpaper also characterizes the narrators oppression, and it symbolizes her deteriorating mental state. The design of the paper looks like bars to the narrator, and once again w e see a symbol of being trapped. In the story, this concept is personified when the narrator convinces herself there is the figure of a woman trapped inside the wallpaper. The front pattern does move?and no wonder!The woman behind shakes itshe crawls around fast, and her crawling shakes it all over (Gilman 336). The narrator becomes infatuated with helping this woman so she starts tearing down the paper in an effort to free her. However, as the paper is torn down, so is the narrators mental state. With all metaphoric expressions, there are different interpretations. In Gilmans story, The Yellow Wallpaper, there are numerous metaphoric themes and images. For example, because of the time period in which Gilman wrote this story, it is argued by some that the entire story is a metaphor illustrating the oppressive nature of men towards women during that time. This argument is largely supported, because the story is in fact a reflection of Gilmans own experience. Another one of the metaph oric examples of this argument is the female figure the narrator sees within the wallpaper. The woman hiding behind the paper comes to represent not only the trapped soul of the narrator, but she also represents the abused souls of women in Gilman s society. Of course, this is only true if we consider the wallpaper itself as being representative of male domination over women. On a different scale, other metaphoric themes are seen through the use of colors. The color yellow, for example, is the dominate color of the wallpaper. Commonly, yellow represents light or intellect, however it can also be construed as a warning. In medical terms (applicable to this story), a yellow flag means quarantine, and the narrator is definitely quarantined as we plainly see. Other examples are lightness and darkness. As we read the story, we can see that the action changes as day turns to night and vice versa. During the day, most things are calm as the narrator sleeps. By daylight she (the woman in th e paper) is subdued, quietIt keeps me quiet by the hour (Gilman 335). The lightness represents goodness in most cases, however in this story, it represents the narrators temporary return to order. On the other hand, when night falls, the action changes dramatically. Night is typically associated with obscurity and mystery, which is what our narrator is experiencing. As is symbolic with darkness, a kind of chaos arrives. Through watching so much at night, when it changes so, I have finally found outAs soon as it was dark, that poor thing began to crawl and shake the pattern (Gilman 337). Also, darkness is largely associated with captivity, which is again what our narrator is experiencing. In this story, a readers logical interpretation of all these metaphoric themes is what helps make the story powerful. .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe , .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe .postImageUrl , .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe , .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe:hover , .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe:visited , .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe:active { border:0!important; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe:active , .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uad34df68afaf23b6215801490b0ffefe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Endangered Species: Bengal Tiger Sample EssayUpon reading Gilmans story, The Yellow Wallpaper, we should see, through her extraordinary use of visual imagery, personification, and metaphoric theme, that the oppression towards women in Gilmans time was very apparent. Our narrator is seemingly doomed from the beginning, because she is left alone in a visually unsettling room with nothing to keep her company accept her thoughts. Obviously, this is not a good thing for someone who is suffering from a nervous disorder, like our narrator. Sadly, she never has a choice in the matter, and this was the case for almost all woman of the late nineteenth century. Women of that time had no say in anything. Perhaps this is why the narrator was never named in the story. Many times an unnamed character is representative of all of a certain gender, race, or religion. Gilman does in deed represent women of her time, and since the story was written upon reflection of her own experience, the preceding statement is definitely true. Through her own experience, Gilman is able to convey the images and ideas within The Yellow Wallpaper very effectively. Her writing gives us a true feeling of what it is like to go from somewhat normal to clinically insane. Works CitedGilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper Literature, Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama.Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw?Hill, 2004.